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PALACE OF WESTMINSTER

The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the heart of the London borough of the City of Westminster, close to the historic Westminster Abbey and the government buildings of Whitehall and Downing Street. The name may refer to either of two structures: the Old Palace, a medieval building complex, most of which was destroyed in 1834, and its replacement New Palace that stands today. The palace retains its original style and status as a royal residence for ceremonial purposes.

The first royal palace was built on the site in the eleventh century, and Westminster was the primary London residence of the Kings of England until a fire destroyed much of the complex in 1512. After that, it served as the home of Parliament, which had been meeting there since the thirteenth century, and the seat of the Royal Courts of Justice, based in and around Westminster Hall. In 1834, an even greater fire ravaged the heavily rebuilt Houses of Parliament, and the only structures of significance to survive were Westminster Hall, the Cloisters of St Stephen's, the Chapel of St Mary Undercroft and the Jewel Tower.

The subsequent competition for the reconstruction of the Palace was won by architect Charles Barry and his design for a building in the Perpendicular Gothic style. The remains of the Old Palace (with the exception of the detached Jewel Tower) were incorporated in its much larger replacement, which contains over 1,100 rooms organised symmetrically around two series of courtyards. Part of the New Palace's area of 3.24 hectares (8 acres) was reclaimed from the Thames, which is the setting of its principal façade, the 266-metre (873 ft) river front. Barry was assisted by Augustus W. N. Pugin, a leading authority on Gothic architecture and style, who provided designs for the decoration and furnishings of the Palace. Construction started in 1840 and lasted for thirty years, suffering great delays and cost overruns, as well as the death of both leading architects; works for the interior decoration continued intermittently well into the twentieth century. Major conservation work has been carried out since, due to the effects of London's air pollution, and extensive repairs took place after the Second World War, including the reconstruction of the Commons Chamber following its bombing in 1941.

The Palace is one of the centres of political life in the United Kingdom; "Westminster" has become a metonym for the UK Parliament, and the Westminster system of government has taken its name after it. Its Clock Tower, in particular, which has become known as "Big Ben" after its main bell, is an iconic landmark of London and the United Kingdom in general, one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city and an emblem of parliamentary democracy. The Palace of Westminster has been a Grade I listed building since 1970 and part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.

Palacio de Westminster

El Palacio de Westminster (Palace of Westminster), también conocido como las Casas del Parlamento (Houses of Parliament), es un edificio gótico victoriano que alberga las dos Cámaras que componen el Parlamento Británico.

El antiguo palacio

Londres, Las Casas del Parlamento

Palacio de Westminster

En octubre de 1834, un asolador incendio destruyó el antiguo palacio que había alojado el Parlamento desde 1512. El edificio también había servido como residencia real en Londres desde la época de Guillermo el Conquistador.

Del antiguo palacio sólo se pudo salvar una ínfima parte, compuesta por el Westminster Hall, los claustros y la cripta de St Stephen´s Chapel y la Jewel Tower, una construcción del siglo XIV en la que se guardaban las joyas y el oro.

El nuevo palacio

De los 97 proyectos presentados para la construcción del nuevo edificio, los ganadores del concurso fueron los arquitectos Charles Barry y Augustus Welby Pugin. En 1847 el edificio se veía prácticamente terminado con la construcción de 1.200 habitaciones, 11 patios y 3,5 kilómetros de pasillos.

La ostentosa fachada del edificio ofrece un bello panorama mientras los pináculos dorados y las estatuas de los reyes se reflejan en el río. El palacio se encuentra flanqueado por la Victoria Tower, una imponente torre que reúne las copias de todas las leyes del Parlamento desde 1497, y también por la carismática torre del Big Ben.